RAB na OFAB mu rugamba rwo kongerera ubushobozi ibirayi byihanganira indwara
Sitasiyo nkuru ya Musanze ni imwe mu nkingi za mwamba mu kogera ubushobozi imbuto z’ibirayi mu Rwanda. Iyi sitasiyo, kimwe n’izindi nka Rwerere, Gakuta, Gishwati na Nyamagabe, ni icyitegererezo mu kongerera ibihingwa ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira indwara no kuzamura umusaruro. Umwihariko wa Musanze ni ubushobozi ifite bwo kongera umubare w’imbuto (ingemwe) ndetse no gutunganya amoko atandukanye y’ibirayi.
Nk’uko bitangazwa na Nikuze Fidela, umuhuzabikorwa w’ubushakashatsi ku birayi muri RAB (Rwanda Agriculture Board), yagize ati:” Dufite urutonde rugaragaza neza uko imbuto z’ifatizo z’ibirayi zongerwa ubushobozi kugira ngo zirusheho kwihanganira indwara ndetse zibe zizewe.”
Ubu buryo butangirira ku cyiciro cya mbere cyitwa G0, aho hifashishwa ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gukuramo ingemwe hifashishijwe ijyeri (laboratoire), mu rwego rwo kubona imbuto zidafite udukoko cyangwa indwara.
Imbuto z’ifatizo (G0) zibyazwamo ibyo bita minitubes, ari zo shingiro ry’imbuto zizahabwa abahinzi. Kugira ngo zikorwe, hifashishwa inzira enye z’ingenzi:..
Conventional Screenhouse: Ingemwe z’ifatizo ziterwa mu nzu zabugenewe, zigakurira ku butaka bwapimwe kandi buteye umuti. Ibi bitanga imbuto z’icyiciro cya mbere (Pre-basic seed).
Sandponic system: Ingemwe ziterwa mu mucanga uvanzemo intungamubiri, zigahabwa imiti yica udukoko n’indwara. Bitanga umusaruro mwiza kandi urambye.
Aeroponic system: Ingemwe ziterwa mu mazi arimo intungamubiri, aho imizi y’ikirayi inyunyuza izo ntungamubiri itabanje kunyura mu butaka. Bitanga imbuto zifite ubuziranenge.
Direct Transfer: Ingemwe z’ifatizo ziterwa mu bipiniyeri, nyuma y’ibyumweru bibiri zigaterwa mu mirima isanzwe, zitanga imbuto zo mu cyiciro cya kabiri (Basic seed).
Imbuto zitangwa ku bahinzi zigabanyijwe mu byiciro bitatu: Basic seed, Certified seed, na Satisfactorily seed, bitewe n’ubuziranenge n’icyiciro zigezeho.
Nikuze akomeza ati:” Hari ikintu twita Macro-elements, Micro-elements, vitamins na hormones. Ibi nibyo bidufasha gutuma igihingwa gikura nk’aho kiri mu butaka, bisobanura ko twabipimye tukabihuza n’imiterere y’ubutaka.”
“Igihingwa gikenera imbaraga, kandi iyo kugira ngo kizakure gikeneye isukari. Ufata rwa ruvange rw’imyunyu simbura butaka ukaruvangamo isukari, ukoresheje amazi yagabanyijwemo imyunyu ngugu (Distilled water). Ibirayi bikurira ku busharire (pH) buri hafi ya 5.9.”
“Iyo umaze kubona ubwo busharire ukoresheje PH meter, ukabona 5.9, igihingwa cy’ikirayi kirakura neza n’iyo kiri mu mazi. Kugira ngo cyimere imizi hifashishwa indi ‘plant agar’ ifasha igihingwa kugira aho gifatira imizi.”
Imaze gutegurwa gutyo, igihingwa giterwa mu nzira enye zavuzwe haruguru hagamijwe kubona minitubes. Muri ubu buryo, ibirayi ntibyera hasi, ahubwo ikigamijwe ni ukumera ku imizi ifata mu butaka.
Ingemwe ziterwa ahabugenewe kugira ngo zikure neza. Zikenera urumuri n’umwijima, bifitanye isano n’ubushyuhe ndetse n’ubuhumekero. Urumuri rukoreshwa amasaha 16, umwijima amasaha 8, ku bushyuhe bwa dogere 21. Mu byumweru bitatu cyangwa bine, noneho ingemwe ziba zakogererwa ubushobozi.
Pasifique Shimiyimana, umuyobozi muri OFAB, avuga ko ubu bushakashatsi bugamije guhangana n’indwara zitandukanye zirimo indwara ziterwa n’imvura, byagoraga cyane abahinzi. Ati:” Yari indwara ituma umuhinzi atakaza hafi 40% y’ikiguzi cyo guhinga, mu kugura imiti no kuyitera.”
Yunzemo ati:” Uyu mushinga wa OFAB uterwa inkunga na ITF, ugamije kugeza ku Banyarwanda amakuru afatika ku bijyanye n’iri koranabuhanga: uko rikora, icyo rigamije, n’igihe ibihingwa bizabonekera.”
Abahinzi bakunze kwibaza niba batahabwa imbuto zidakeneye guterwa imiti. Shimiyimana ati:” Uyu munsi dufite igisubizo. Ibirayi byogerewe ubushobozi birahari, kandi iyo byogerewe ntibiterwamo imiti.”
“Aho bitogerewe ubushobozi, byararwaye. Umusaruro ushobora kuzaba munsi ya 20% y’uwo wari witezwe.”
Shimiyimana asobanura inyungu z’ibi birayi ku muhinzi n’umuguzi:” Ku muhinzi, ntazakenera kugura umuti, cyangwa abakozi bo kuwutera. Azabona umusaruro mwinshi. Ku isoko, bizagabanya ibiciro kuko ibirayi bizaboneka byinshi, bityo bigurwe kuri make.”
Ubutubuzi bufite uruhare runini mu kongera umusaruro. Gukoresha imbuto zizewe bizamura umusaruro uva kuri toni 7-10 kuri hegitari kugeza kuri toni 20-30. Bizasha n’igihugu gutanga umusaruro ku masoko y’imbere mu gihugu no hanze yacyo.
Dr. Athanase Nduwumuremyi, umushakashatsi mu Kigo cy’Igihugu cy’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi (RAB) akaba anakuriye umushinga wa OFAB avuga ko barimo gukora imbuto zitanga umusaruro mwiza kandi zidahenze.
At:” Turimo gukora imbuto zitagoye kuzirera, zituma ibirayi byera bitabanje guterwamo imiti myinshi. Uburyo turimo gukoresha bugamije kubona ibirayi byihanganira indwara zose, yaba iziterwa n’imvura cyangwa iz’izuba.”
Yasoje agira ati:” Kuko imbuto yogerewe ubushobozi ntiterwamo imiti. ikindi miti iyo ihenda bituma n’igiciro cyo guhinga kiba kinini. Iyo imyaka yeze udakoresheje imiti, ku isoko ntabwo umuhinzi azamura ibiciro, bityo abaguzi babigura ku giciro gito.”
Ubu buryo bwo gutunganya imbuto z’ibirayi byitezweho umusaru mwinshi kandi mwiza mu buhinzi. Iyo umuhinzi yumvise neza uru rugendo, akarugenderaho, aba yiteguye guhangana n’ibibazo by’uburwayi, igihombo n’ibura ry’umusaruro. Guhinga ibiryi byogerewe ubushobozi ni ugushora mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage, ubukungu bw’igihugu no mu kurwanya inzara.
Umwanditsi: Alex RUKUNDO
Email: rukundoalex540@gmail.com
Whatsap / Tel: +250 785 404 717
