Cybercrime mu Rwanda: Ibiyiranga, Ingaruka, N’amategeko ahana abayikora
Mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeza gutera imbere mu Rwanda no ku isi hose, ibyaha bikorerwa kuri mudasobwa n’imiyoboro ya interineti (cybercrime) nabyo bikomeje kwiyongera.
Ibyaha by’ikoranabuhanga bigira ingaruka mbi ku bantu ku giti cyabo, ibigo by’ubucuruzi, ndetse n’inzego za leta. Ni yo mpamvu u Rwanda rwashyizeho amategeko arwanya ibi byaha, hagamijwe guhana ababikora no kurinda umutekano w’amakuru.
Icyaha cya Mudasobwa ni iki?
Icyaha cya mudasobwa ni ibikorwa byose by’ubugizi bwa nabi bikorwa hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, bigamije inyungu z’amafaranga, kwangiza imikorere ya mudasobwa, cyangwa kwiba amakuru yihariye y’abantu cyangwa ibigo.
Ibyaha by’ikoranabuhanga bikunze kugaragara harimo kwinjira mu makuru y’abandi nta burenganzira bafite, bakayakoresha mu nyungu zabo bwite, kwiba konti za banki y’abandi cyangwa gukoresha uburiganya bugamije kwambura abantu amafaranga.
Ikindi harimo kwinjira muri mudasobwa, Telefoni (Telephone) cyangwa imiyoboro y’ikoranabuhanga nta burenganzira ufite ndetse no kwiyitirira umuntu runaka kuri interineti hagamijwe kumusebya cyangwa kwiba amakuru ye yihariye. Gukoresha porogaramu zifite intego yo kwangiza cyangwa gukusanya amakuru y’ibanga.
Ingaruka z’Icyaha cya Mudasobwa
Icyaha cya mudasobwa kigira ingaruka nyinshi, zirimo igihombo cy’amafaranga, Ibigo n’abantu ku giti cyabo bashobora gutakaza amafaranga menshi ndetse no gutakaza icyizere iyo abantu cyangwa ibigo bitakaje amakuru yihariye kubera ubujura bw’amakuru bwabayeho, bashobora gutakaza icyizere cy’abakiriya babo.
Abantu bafashwe bakora ibyaha by’ikoranabuhanga bahanishwa ibihano bikomeye biteganywa n’amategeko.
Mu rwego rwo guhashya ibyaha bikorerwa kuri interineti, u Rwanda rufite itegeko Nº 60/2018 ryo ku wa 22/08/2018 rigena ibihano ku cyaha cya mudasobwa.
Ingingo ya 36: rihana umuntu wese wiyitirira undi akoresheje ikoranabuhanga agamije kumuharabika cyangwa kumwambura umutungo. Iki cyaha gihanishwa igifungo kiri hagati y’umwaka umwe (1) n’itatu (3), n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda kuva ku bihumbi magana atatu (300,000 Frw) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshatu (3,000,000 Frw).
Ingingo ya 39: iteganya ibihano ku muntu wese winjira mu makuru y’abandi kuri mudasobwa nta burenganzira abifitiye. Iki cyaha gihanishwa igifungo kiri hagati y’imyaka ibiri (2) n’itanu (5) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga kuva kuri miliyoni imwe (1,000,000 Frw) kugeza kuri miliyoni eshanu (5,000,000 Frw).
Ingingo ya 40: ihana umuntu wese ukoresha mudasobwa mu bujura bw’amakuru yihariye cyangwa ibanga ry’abantu cyangwa ibigo. iki cyaha gihanishwa igifungo kiri hagati y’imyaka itatu (3) n’irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga kuva kuri miliyoni ebyiri (2,000,000 Frw) kugeza kuri miliyoni icumi (10,000,000 Frw).
Ingingo ya 44: ihana umuntu wese ukoresha ikoranabuhanga mu buryo bwo gukwirakwiza ibihuha cyangwa amagambo asebanya agamije kwangiza uburenganzira bw’abandi. Iki cyaha gishobora guhanishwa gungwa kuva ku myaka ibiri (2) kugera kuri itanu (5) n’ihazabu iri hagati ya miliyoni imwe (1,000,000 Frw) na miliyoni eshatu (3,000,000 Frw).
Uko wakwirinda ibya by’ikoranabuhanga
Hari uburyo bwiza bwo kwirinda ibibazo by’ibyaha by’ikoranabuhanga, twavuga nk’abantu bakoresha Mudasobwa cyagwa Telefoni(Telephone) bakwiye gukoresha amagambo y’ibanga akomeye kandi ukahindura kenshi.
Kutagira umuntu uwo ari we wese uha amakuru yihariye ku mbuga za interineti, Gukoresha antivirus yizewe ku mudasobwa zawe no ku bikoresho byawe by’ikoranabuhanga, Ku dakanda ku mbuga cyangwa ku butumwa utizeye cyagwa gutanga raporo ku nzego z’umutekano igihe ubashije kumenya ibikorwa bidasanzwe kuri konti yawe.
Icyaha cya mudasobwa (cybercrime) ni ikibazo gikomeye kigenda gifata indi ntera mu Rwanda no ku isi. Kugira ngo igihugu kirinde umutekano w’amakuru, cyashyizeho amategeko akomeye agena ibihano ku bantu bakora ibyo byaha. Ni ngombwa ko buri wese afata ingamba zo kwirinda ibyaha by’ikoranabuhanga kandi agatanga amakuru ku nzego zibishinzwe igihe abonye ibikorwa bikekwa.
Umwanditsi: Alex RUKUNDO
Number: +250 785 404 717
